| There have been no details of the historical records of | | | | found, and figures, of which few were made, are the |
| the porcelain development in Austria. Their | | | | rarest. The most common mark is "St. C T" in blue or |
| manufactories were established with the help of | | | | incised. The factory closed in 1766. |
| people who ran away from Dresden. But the factories | | | | Chantilly |
| faced with continual difficulties, it could not continue for | | | | A soft-paste factory was founded at Chantilly in 1725 |
| long and many of the manufacturing units were closed | | | | and made wares covered in an attractive glaze |
| down. The French claimed that the soft-paste was at | | | | containing tin, which gave it a smooth, white, and |
| Rouen as early as 1673 but that has not been the | | | | distinctive appearance. Tableware's, vases and other |
| accepted one by the majority. | | | | useful pieces were made, and neatly decorated in |
| Vienna | | | | brilliant colors that rely on the beautiful white surface |
| In 1719, with the help of a runaway from Dresden, a | | | | for their full effect. Later wares were lead-glazed and |
| factory was started under the manager ship of Claud | | | | of a creamy colour, and one of the last patterns |
| du Pacquier. It made fine hard-paste porcelain | | | | introduced was widely copied; a small spray of |
| resembling Dresden in paste more than in design or | | | | cornflowers known as the "Chantilly sprig'. After being |
| coloring. Du Pacquier's factory faced continual | | | | owned for a few years by an Englishman named |
| difficulties; ware was costly to produce and much of it | | | | Potter the factory closed in 1800. The mark is a |
| too dear to find many purchasers. It is rare today. In | | | | curved hunting-horn in red or blue. |
| 1744 the factory was bought by the Austrian State | | | | Mennecy |
| and successful efforts were made to popularize its | | | | The factory best known by the name of Mennecy |
| products. This porcelain, known from its mark of a | | | | was started in 1734 in Paris, fourteen years later |
| shield in blue, finally evolved an individual style of heavily | | | | moved outside the capital to Mennecy, and in 1773 |
| gilded pieces painted carefully in the manner of | | | | moved finally to Bourg-la-Reine. The early wares are |
| miniatures. These were first made towards the end of | | | | usually of a milky-white colour, with a 'wet-looking' |
| the eighteenth century, but were copied again and | | | | glaze and a slightly undulating surface; in very rare |
| again until the factory closed in 1864. Some of the | | | | instances a tin-glaze, in imitation of that used at |
| modern and very garish imitations of this type of | | | | Chantilly, is found. All types of wares, including a |
| Vienna porcelain bears the printed 'signature' of the | | | | number of figures and groups, were painted in colors |
| artist; often that of the English painter, Angelica | | | | and many show a particularly striking use of pink and |
| Kauffmann. | | | | bright blue. The mark comprises the letters 'D V', |
| France | | | | incised or in blue. |
| France Saint Cloud | | | | France had a rich history of porcelain wares. The |
| Soft-paste porcelain is said to have been made at | | | | earliest accepted pieces are those made at Saint |
| Rouen as early as 1673, but although several | | | | Cloud at the end of the seventeenth century. They are |
| specimens have been brought forward as proof of | | | | mostly of a creamy colour, but occasionally of a bluish |
| the statement they are not accepted generally as | | | | white, and all kinds of wares were made. Painting was |
| having been made there. The earliest accepted pieces | | | | in under-glaze blue and in colors. A soft-paste factory |
| are those made at Saint Cloud at the end of the | | | | founded at Chantilly and made wares covered in an |
| seventeenth century. They are mostly of a creamy | | | | attractive glaze containing tin, which gave it a smooth, |
| colour, but occasionally of a bluish white, and all kinds | | | | white, and distinctive appearance. And there were |
| of wares were made. Painting was in under-glaze blue | | | | many marked wares found in the different part of the |
| and in colors, and much was in the popular Oriental | | | | country. They all show that there was a great |
| manner. Examples of the ware are not commonly | | | | progress in the earlier ages. |